Transcribed by Timothy R. Meador, Jr.
The
county of Smith is bounded north by Trousdale and Macon Counties, east by Jackson
and Putnam, south by DeKalb, and west by Wilson. It lies mostly in the central
basin, and is drained by the Cumberland River, which flows through it from east
to west, and so divides it as to leave about three-fourths of its area on the
south side, and the other fourth on the north side. The tributaries flowing
into the Cumberland from the north are Peyton Creek and Defeated Creek, and
other smaller streams. The principal one flowing into it from the south is
Caney Fork, which is navigable for small vessels about forty miles from its
mouth, which is just above the town of Carthage. The spurs of the Highland Rim
extend far into the county from the north and east, thus making that part lying
north of the Cumberland and east of Caney Fork extremely hilly and uneven. The
balance of the county has a more even surface. The streams have broad valleys,
and the “the soil of the county, with the exception of the caps of the ridges,
rests everywhere on limestone belonging to the Nashville and Lebanon formations,
but principally the former. The tops of the ridges present the siliceous rocks
of the highlands, being the sub-carboniferous. Immediately below these
siliceous rocks, and separating them from the limestone, is the black shale
formation.”* [“Resources of Tennessee.”] The lands having a limestone soil are
rich and productive, and those on the highlands produce an excellent quality of
tobacco, but the yield is light. The timber is similar to that of Trousdale
County.
William
Walton, original proprietor of the site of Carthage, settled, according to best
information, on the north side of the Cumberland, opposite the mouth of Caney
Fork in 1787. He is said to have been the first settler in the territory now
composing Smith County. Daniel Burford, Richard Alexander, Tilman Dixon,
William Saunders and Peter Turney were among the first settlers in the vicinity
of Dixon Springs. Peter Turney was the father of the noted lawyer, Hopkins L.
Turney, and grandfather of Judge Peter Turney, now of the supreme bench of the
State. The best agricultural lands being in the vicinity of Dixon Springs, that
locality soon became the most thickly settled one in the county. Micajah Duke
was an early settler in what is now the Second District; David Apple in the
Eight; William McDonald in the Eleventh; Armstead Flippen in the Thirteenth;
William Goodall, and James Hodges, with his son Richard, and Arthur S. Hogan in
the Fourteenth; and Zachariah Ford in the Fifteenth. Other early settlers were
David Cochrane, John Baker, Thomas Dies, George T. Wright and also all persons
hereinafter mentioned in connection with the organization of the county. “The
grandfather of S. M. Fite, with his family, and two other men, with their
families, made the first settlement on Smith Fork, fifteen miles south of the
Cumberland River. The first night after camping Mr. Fite had family worship, no
doubt the first Christian worship ever made in the vast region.* [“Resources of
Tennessee.”] When the first settlers appeared in Smith County, they found the
territory inhabited with Indians, and many kinds of wild animals, such as
bears, wolves, panthers, wild-cats, deer, etc. Wild game was also abundant, and
those hardy pioneers, during their struggles to subdue the forest and establish
civilization in a vast wilderness, often supplied their families with meat
secured by means of their rifles. Bear meat, venison and wild fowl were then
common articles of food. The Indians were here about ten years after the first
settlers located, and during this time the pioneers, no doubt, had many
encounters with them; the history of which, unfortunately, has not been
preserved. One incident which occurred in this county before it was settled,
between citizens of Sumner County and the Indians, may be related here. “In
February, 1786, John Peyton (father of the late Hon. Bailie Peyton); Ephraim
Peyton, his twin brother; Thomas Peyton, another brother; Squire Grant and John
Frazer were out hunting and surveying. They encamped on an island in Defeated
Creek, near where Capt. C. N. West now resides. On Sunday night they sat up
late playing cards, when they were attacked by the Indians. Four out of the
five were wounded—all except Ephraim Peyton. They separated and fled leaving
their horses instruments. The Indian party was commanded by Hanging Maw. All
made their escape and survived, and the next year John Peyton sent word to
Hanging Maw to return the stolen horses, to which the chief replied, ‘that the
horses were his, that he (Peyton) had run away like a coward and left them, and
as for his ‘land-stealer,’ the compass, he had broken that against a tree.” *
[“Reminiscences of Gen. William Hall.] Robert Smith and Lucy Gordon were the
first couple married in Smith county, and Richard Hodges and Delilah Risen the
second. The latter were married by Arthur S. Hogan, Esq, in 1803.
Large
tracts of the best land in the country were entered by surviving soldiers of
the war of the Revolution, or by their assignees, by locating the land warrants
granted to said soldiers by the State of North Carolina. These tracts ranged
from 640 to several thousand acres. The early settlers of Smith County were
mostly from North Carolina, Virginia, and East Tennessee, and after erecting
their rude log cabins, they began the clearing of their lands, and the raising
of the cereals. Subsequently, and for many years, including the decade of the
twenties, they raised cotton to a considerable extent, and afterward abandoned
its cultivation. The cultivation of tobacco was early introduced and this crop
has always been, and still continues to be, a staple production of the county,
which ranks as the sixth county in the State in the amount of that article
produced. The cultivation of blue-grass, and the raising of fine breeds of
cattle were introduced into the county in 1836, by Dr. F. H. Gordon, who was
then a teacher in Clinton College. He went to Kentucky and on his return,
brought to the farm on which the college is located, a herd of Durham cattle,
and began to sow blue-grass for pasture. Since that time considerable attention
has been given to the raising of fine breeds of stock of all kinds, and to the
cultivation of the grasses. The cereal, and other productions of Smith County,
according to the census of 1880, were as follows: Indian corn, 1,071,050
bushels; oats, 47,240 bushels; rye, 3,228 bushels; wheat, 104,945 bushels;
orchard products, $11,927; hay, 2,730 tons; Irish potatoes, 13,817 bushels;
sweet potatoes, 29,335 bushels; tobacco, 1,799,981 pounds; live stock and its
production, horses, 5,112; mules and asses, 1,973; cattle, 8,623; sheep,
10,234; hogs, 31,871; wool 40,393 pounds; butter, 221,381 pounds. The
population of Smith County in 1860, including that part which has since been
attached to Trousdale County, was a follows: White, 12,015; colored, 4,342;
nearly all of the latter were then slaves, and in 1880 it was, white, 14,215;
colored, 3,578. Notwithstanding the reduction of the territory, and the ravages
of civil war, the white population of the county increased 2,200 in the twenty
years following 1860, while the colored population decreased 764 during the
same period. The transportation of produce and merchandise to and from Smith
County has always been by way of the Cumberland River. But the citizens are now
anticipating the early completion of the Middle & East Tennessee Central
Railroad, and also the Nashville & Knoxville Railroad through the county by
way of Carthage. These railroads when completed will be of great advantage to
the county, in hastening its future development.
Smith
County was organized in accordance with an act of the General Assembly of the
State, passed October 26, 1799, providing “That a new county be established by
the name of Smith, to be contained within the following described bounds:
Beginning on the south bank of Cumberland River, at the south end of the
eastern boundary of Sumner County; thence north with the said eastern boundary
to the northern boundary of the State, and with the said boundary east to where
it is intersected by the Cherokee boundary, run and marked agreeably to the
treaty of Holston; thence with that boundary to the Caney Fork of Cumberland
River; thence with said fork, according to its meanders, to the mouth thereof;
thence down the south bank of Cumberland River, according to its meanders, to
the beginning.” According to this description Smith County originally contained
a portion of what is now Trousdale, DeKalb, Putnam, Jackson, Clay and the
greater part of Macon Counties. By an act passed November 6, 1801, the county
was changed in size by attaching to it a large portion of Wilson County, lying
south of the Cumberland River and west of Caney Fork, and by cutting off a
portion on the east side to constitute the county of Jackson. And by a
subsequent act of the same session of the Legislature Smith County was extended
southward to the line between Tennessee and Alabama—thus causing the county to
embrace a strip of territory extending from the northern to the southern
boundary of the State. In 1805 an act was passed to reduce the county to its
constitutional limits of 625 square miles, still allowing its northern boundary
to reach the Kentucky line. And by an act passed January 18, 1842, the northern
portion of Smith County became a part of Macon County in its formation. And in
1870 a tract in the northwestern part of the county was cut off to form a part
of Trousdale County. And thus by these and other acts of the Legislature Smith
County has been reduced to its present limits, embracing about 360 square
miles. In accordance with the act of creation the first bench of justices of
the peace for Smith County, consisting of Garrett Fitzgerald, Wm. Alexander,
James Gwinn, Tilman Dixon, Thomas Harrison, James Hibbetts, Peter Turney and
Wm. Walton, met at the house of Tilman Dixon, near Dixon Springs, on the 16th
of December, 1799, and organized the court of pleas and quarter sessions by
electing Garrett Fitzgerald, chairman thereof, and Moses Fisk clerk pro
tempore. The next day the following county officers were permanently elected by
said court, to wit: Sampson Williams, clerk; John Martin, sheriff; Chas. F.
Mobias, coroner; James Gwinn, trustee; Daniel Burford, register; Bazel Shaw,
ranger, and Benj. Sewell, State’s attorney. Amos Lacy, Silas Jonokin, Robt.
Cotton, James Strain, James Wright, Wm. Levington and Henry Huddleston were
then appointed constables, and thus the organization of the county was
completed. Then on motion of Tilman Dixon it was “ordered that all
tavern-keepers be allowed to sell spirituous liquors at the following rates:
Good whisky and brandy, 12 ½ cents by the half-pint; for breakfast, dinner and
supper, 25 cents; for corn and oats by the gallon, 12 ½ cents; for two bundles
of fodder, 2 pence; for pasturage twenty-four hours, 12 ½ cents; for lodging, 6
¼ cents.” The next action of the court was to grant to Tilman Dixon, the mover
of the aforesaid motion, a license to keep a tavern at his house. License was
then granted to Edmond Jennings to keep a ferry near the mouth of Jennings
Creek, at the following rates: “For man and horse, 18 1/3 cents; single man and
single horse, each 9 cents; wagon and team, $1.25; cattle, hogs and sheep, 6 ¼
cents each.” For many years after the organization of the county no person was
allowed to keep a tavern, or a ferry, or to build a mill-dam without license
from the court, which also established the rates to be charged by the persons
obtaining such privileges. Henry McKinsey, Wm. Saunders, Samuel Caruthers,
Elisha Oglesby, Wm. Gillespie, Wm. Gilbreath and others were then appointed
overseers of certain public roads.
The first
grand jury in Smith County, consisting of Grant Allen, Willis Haynie, John
Barkley, James Draper, William Pate, Anthony Samuel, James Ballow, William
Kelton, Daniel Mungle, John Crosswhite, Thomas Jemison and Nat Ridley were
impaneled by the court of pleas and quarter sessions at its March term, 1800.
The county not being then divided into civil districts, assessors were
appointed to list the taxable property in each captain’s company of the
militia. The following persons were then appointed assessors for the year 1800,
to wit: Garrett Fitzgerald, for the Flinn Creek company; Charles Hudgspath, for
the Obed and Roaring River company or settlement; William Walton, for Capt.
Vance’s company; Thomas Harmand, for Capt. Pate’s company; Peter Turney, for the
Peyton Creek company; Tilman Dixon, for Capt. Bradley’s company; James
Hibbetts, for Capt. Shaw’s company, and James Gwinn, for Capt. Gwinn’s company.
Several persons then appeared in court and had their stock marks recorded, it
being the custom then to allow the stock to run at large on the unoccupied
lands, and each man had his own peculiar stock mark. The bounty on wolf scalps
was then established at $1. And David Venters was allowed to build a mill on
Goose Creek near the Big Spring. The same year, 1800, William Saunders was
permitted to build a saw and grist-mill on Dixon Creek, about 200 yards below
the Blue Spring. The dam was not to be over twelve feet high, and the water was
to be drawn off, if requested by Mr. Dixon, by the 15th of June each year. At
the June term, 1801, of said court the sheriff returned a long list of
delinquent tax lands belonging to non-resident owners. Many of their tracts
contained several thousand acres, and all were ordered to be sold to satisfy
the taxes and costs charged thereon. The court of pleas and quarter sessions
continued to be held at the house of Tilman Dixon until June, 1802, when it was
held at the house of William Saunders. And from that time till 1806 it was held
alternately at the houses of the said Dixon, Saunders, William Walton and Peter
Turney. At the December term, 1804, Willis Jones, Benjamin John and Wilson Cage
were appointed commissioners to select and purchase a site for the seat of
justice, and to lay out a town thereon, and to sell the lots and appropriate
the proceeds to the payment of the land, and the erection of the public
buildings. These commissioners selected the site of the present town of
Carthage, then owned by William Walton and from him purchased the same,
consisting of fifty acres, for the consideration of 1 cent, and secured title
thereto by deed dated December 28, 1804. And during that winter they laid out
the town of Carthage and sold the lots thereof and erected the first courthouse
for the county, on the public square, in 1805. This courthouse was constructed
of brick and was about fifty feet square, with four offices and a hall on the
first floor, and two offices and the court room on the second. All the rooms
had large wood fireplaces. The first term of the court of pleas and quarter
sessions held in the courthouse was in March, 1806. This courthouse stood until
1877, when it was taken down and the present one erected in its stead at a cost
of about $18,000. This is a substantial two-story brick building of
considerable architectural beauty, with the county offices and hall on the
first floor and the court room and some small rooms on the second. Col. Fite
was the general superintendent of the erection of this building, and Henry C.
Jackson, of Murfreesboro, was the contractor and builder. The first jail in the
county was built about the year 1812 by James Walton. It was made of logs and
contained two rooms, one above the other, and cost about $700. It stood on the
site of the present jail and was replaced by the latter about the year 1835.
The old poor-farm on Peyton Creek, consisting of seventy-five acres, was
purchased and fitted up in an early day. It was sold in 1871 to Henry, William
and Thomas Hacket for $761, and at the same time another farm containing 211
acres was purchased in the horse-shoe bend of the Cumberland River, in District
No. 20 for $1,200. Buildings were erected thereon and other improvements made,
costing about $3,500. The location of this farm being considered unhealthy, as
well as very inconvenient, it was afterward sold and the present one purchased.
The latter is situated two and a half miles west of Carthage and contains
forty-five acres of good tillable land. The poor asylum, which is a substantial
and safe brick building of modern architecture and heated with two furnaces,
was erected in 1885 at a cost of $9,000. At present writing there are fourteen
paupers in the asylum.
During
the early history of the county, the revenues were not assessed and collected
according to the value of the property. To illustrate the method, the rates for
the year 1811, which are similar to other years of that period, are here given
as established by the then authorities. They are as follows: For county
purposes—on each 100 acres of land, 12 ½ cents; each white poll, 12 ½ cents; each
black poll, 25 cents; each town lot, 25 cents; each stallion, $1; each retail
store, $5. For Jurors—on each 100 acres, 6 ¼ cents; each white poll, 6 ¼ cents;
each black poll, 6 ¼ cents; each town lot, 6 ¼ cents; each stallion 25 cents;
each retail store, $1. Thus it will be seen that the taxes were levied on
specific property, without writing any regard to its value. The taxable
property of the county at present writing consists of 202 town lots valued at
$84,835, and 197,279 acres of land valued at $2,335,195, and personal property
valued at $347,125, and other property valued at $25,755, making a grand total
of taxable property of $2,792,910. There are also 2,709 taxable polls. The
total taxes levied on the foregoing property and polls for the year 1886
amounts to $32,788.51. The finances of Smith County have always been so well
managed that her warrants have seldom if ever been below par. The county is
well supplied with public buildings, all of which have been erected without the
issuing of bonds. And at present the county has no outstanding bonds or
warrants, and is entirely out of debt. The following is a list of the county
officers with dates of service: County court clerks—Sampson Williams,
1799-1804; Robert Allen, 1804-12; Joseph W. Allen, 1812, a few months and died;
Robert Allen, 1812-19; Jonathan Pickett, 1819-35; John I. Burnett, 1835-48; W.
V. R. Hallum, 1848-56; David C. Sanders, 1856-64; E W. Turner, 1864-68; John P.
Yelton, 1868-70; B. F. C. Smith, 1870-1874; Samuel Allison, 1874-82; John B.
Jordan, 1882-86; and re-elected. Sheriffs—John Martin, 1799-1802; Lee Sullivan,
1802-04; George Matlock, 1804-12; John Gordon, 1812-16; Wm. Goodall, 1816-27;
David Burford, 1827-29; S. B. Hughes, 1829-34; Samuel P. Howard, 1834-38; Wyatt
W. Bailey, 1838-44; John Bailey, 1844-48; John Bridges, 1848-52; Samuel
Allison, 1852-58; John W. Hughes, 1858-60; B. B. Uhles, 1860-62; Larkin
Cornwell, 1862-64; H. S. Patterson, 1864-66; J. H. Smith, 1866-68; J. E. Clark,
1868-70; Wm. Arrington, 1870-72; J. H. Corder, 1872-76; John B. Wilson,
1876-80; Wm. T. Barrett, 1880-84; A. J. Dawson, 1884-86, and re-elected.
Registers—Daniel Burford, 1819-25; Alex Allison, 1825-32; Harvey Hogg, 1832-42;
A. S. Watkins, 1842-46; David C. Sanders, 1846-54; Quaintance C. Sanders, 1854-58;
S. R. Thompson, 1858-62; J. P. McKee, 1864-70; W. P. Pettie, 1870-74; A. N.
Williams, 1874-78; Joseph P. King, 1878-80; W. W. Ford, 1880-82; E. B. Price,
1882-86; D. C. Sanders, 1886. Trustees since 1840—David K. Timberlake, 1840-52;
A. W. Allen, 1852-54; John P. Haynie, 1854-56; Ira W. King, 1856-62; J. H.
Newbell, 1862-66; Joseph A. Pendarris, 1866-70; E. H. Knight, 1870-72; D. J.
Lynch, 1872-74; D. A. West, 1874-76; S. R Johnson, 1876-78; N. J. Kemp,
1878-80; W. V. Harrell, 1880-82; W. J. Johnson, 1882-84; J. B. Duke, 1884-86;
W. M. Johnson, 1886. Circuit court clerks—Robert Allen, 1810-13; John W.
Overton, 1813-20; Charles Sherwood, 1820-23; Wm. Hart, 1823-48; Henry Wm. Hart,
1848-52; N. B. Burdine, 1852-56; Thomas Fisher, 1856-64; Ira W. King, 1864-65;
John L. Arendall 1865, March to August; W. J. Cleveland, 1865-66; Thomas
Waters, 1866-68; W. B. Pickering, 1868-70; Thomas Fisher, 1870-74; W. B.
Pettie, 1874-82; T. B. Read, 1882-86; W. W. Ford, 1886. Clerks and Masters of
chancery courts—Robert L. Caruthers, 1825-27; John G. Park, 1827-37; Wm. C.
Hubbard, 1837; one term; John G. Park, 1837-38; A. Moore, Jr., 1838, to the
civil war; D. H. Campbell, 1865-71; John A. Fite, 1871-77; Wm. D. Gold, present
incumbent ever since 1877. For list of congressmen see history of Sumner
County.
The
court of pleas and quarter sessions, for many years after its organization, had
jurisdiction over all kinds of business, both civil and criminal. One of its
early criminal cases was that of the State vs. Dr. Charles F. Mabias. The
defendant was indicted for stealing a cow bell, of the value of 6 cents, from
one Joseph Cannon. He was tried and found “not guilty,” whereupon the costs of
the prosecution were all taxed against Mr. Cannon, the prosecutor. This
occurred when the court was held at the house of Wm. Saunders. The following
novel resignation was discovered in the records of the May term, 1814, of said
court:
A justice of the peace, you see,
No longer now I mean to be;
I therefore now resign to you,
As by these lines you see it true.
Give to the clerk without delay,
That he may your right transmit
To the next session when they sit.
--Henry McWhorter.
The
last term of the court of pleas and quarter sessions was held in February,
1836; and the first term of the county court, which was established instead of
and to succeed the court of pleas and quarter sessions, was held in May, 1836.
The county court was then composed of forty-two justices of the peace, all of
whom were present and to whom the oath of office was administered by Judge
Abraham Caruthers. Exum Whitley was elected chairman of the court. This court
is now composed of forty-five justices of the peace, and its present chairman
is Irenus Beckwith. The Third Judicial District of the State, including the
counties of Smith, Warren, Franklin, Sumner, Overton, White and Jackson, was
formed by an act of the Legislature passed November 16, 1809. The circuit
court, according to this act, was to be held in Smith County, beginning on the
fourth Monday of March and September of each year. The first term of this court
was probably held in March, 1810, but the records thereof not being found among
the records of the clerk the exact date cannot be given. Hon. Nathan W. Williams
was the first judge of the district, and he continued to preside alternately
for many years with Judges Archibald Roane, P. W. Humphreys, Thomas Stewart,
Bennett Searcy, J. C. Isaacks, Charles F. Keith and others until 1834, since
which time the court has been presided over by the following judges, to wit:
Abraham Caruthers, 1834-47; Wm. B. Campbell, 1847-51; Alvan Cullom, 1851-52;
James T. Quarles, one term in 1852; John L. Goodall, 1852-58; S. M. Fite,
1858-64; Andrew McClain, 1864-69; S. M. Fite, 1869-75; N. W. McConnell,
1875-86; John A. Fite, 1886. The chancery court of Smith County was established
by an act of the Legislature passed October 29, 1824, and its first term was
begun and held on the third Monday of May, 1825, with Hon. John Catron presiding
as chancellor, and Hon. Robert C. Caruthers clerk and master. Prior to 1840
this court was presided over by Chancellors John Catron, Robert White, Nathan
Green, Will A. Cook, Wm. B. Reese and Thomas L. Williams, in the order here
named. From 1840 to 1860 Hon. Bloomfield L. Ridley was chancellor and presided
for forty terms, and then Smith County was changed by act of the Legislature
from Ridley’s district. Since 1860 the chancery court has been presided over as
follows: Josephus C. Guild, 1860-61; Jas. O. Shackelford, 1865-66; Thomas
Barry, 1866-67; B. C. Tillman, 1867-69; Charles G. Smith, 1869-70; W. W.
Goodpaster, 1870-72; W. G. Cowley, 1872-86; W. W. Wade, 1886—elected. The bar
of Carthage has contained many resident members whose reputation for ability
was widely extended. Among those who rose to eminent distinction may be
mentioned the Hon. Robert L. Caruthers, Judge Abraham Caruthers, Gen. Wm.
Cullom, Wm. B. Campbell, the noted jurist, soldier, and subsequent governor for
the State; Judge Samuel M. Fite, Hon. James B. Moore, Col. W. H. DeWitt, Capt.
W. W. Ward, Capt. J. W. McHenry, Col. Jordon Stokes, Judge John D. Goodall and
Hon. Andrew McClain; all too well known to need further mention here. The
present bar of Carthage consists of the following honorable gentlemen: E. L.
Gardenhire, A. A. Swope, John A. Fite, judge of the circuit court; H. M. Hale,
T. J. Fisher, Sr., J. B. Jordon, W. D. Gold, Col. A. E. Garrett, C. W. Garrett,
E. W. Turner, B. F. C. Smith, J. B. Luster, W. W. Fergusson, J. M. Fisher, W.
V. Lee, L. A. Ligon, the present representative in the State Legislature, and
D. A. Witt.
Smith
County was represented in the war with Great Britain in 1812-15 by two
companies of soldiers commanded respectively by Capt.--Roberson and James
Walton. These companies went to New Orleans and participated in that famous
battle under the heroic Gen. Jackson. There were four companies of soldiers
raised in this county, which served through the Mexican war; two of them,
commanded respectively by Capts. Wm. Walton and L. P. McMurry, served in the
First Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers, commanded by Col. (since governor)
William B. Campbell. Capt. Don Allison’s company served in a Tennessee regiment
of cavalry, commended by Col. Thomas. And soon after entering the service Capt.
Allison was promoted to the office of lieutenant-colonel of his regiment. Capt.
John D. Goodall’s company served in the Fourth Regiment of Tennessee
Volunteers, commanded by Col. Waterhouse. The first three companies entered the
service in 1846, and the latter in 1847, and all served to the close of the
war. At the approach of the late civil war there was a strong Union sentiment
in Smith County, but being inside the Confederate lines when the war began, no
companies of soldiers were organized for the Union Army. Several Union men
subsequently joined Federal commands. There were twelve companies raised in
Smith County for the Confederate Armies. The first one was raised in April,
1861, and was commanded by Capt. (now judge) John A. Fite. It joined the
Seventh Tennessee Regiment. Two other companies, commanded respectively by
Capts. W. W. Ward and—Cossett, served in Col. Bennett’s regiment. Three
companies, commanded respectively by Capts.—James, H. W. Hart and Alex Dillaha,
served in the Twenty-fourth Tennessee Regiment. One company commanded by Capt.
W. H. McDonald, served in the Twenty-fifth Tennessee Regiment. Capt. Q. C.
Sanders’ company served in Col. Baxter Smith’s regiment of cavalry. Two
companies, commanded respectively by Capts. Tom King and A. B. Cates, served in
Col. Bartow’s regiment of cavalry, and two companies commanded respectively by
Capts. H. B. Haynie and William B. Burford, served in other regiments.
Including with the companies raised in the county, the individuals who joined
companies raised in adjoining counties, it is estimated that fully 1,200 men
served in the Confederate Army form Smith County. Being outside of the direct
line of march of the contending armies, Smith County did not suffer as much as
many other counties from the ravages of war. The first occupation of Carthage
by Federal troops took place in February, 1863, when Gen. George Crooks with
his command took possession of the town. He was relieved in June following by
Gen. Spears, who commanded a brigade of East Tennesseans, and subsequently the
town was occupied by Col. Jordon Stokes and his command. From the time Gen.
Crooks first occupied it until the close of the war, it was in possession of
Federal troops.
Carthage
was laid out as heretofore stated in the year 1805, on lands purchased from
William Walton, and being the oldest town in a large place of considerable
business importance. In 1830 it contained, according to the “Tennessee
Gazetter,” “about 700 inhabitants, eight lawyers, three doctors, one divine,
thirteen stores, four taverns, one grocery, two tailors, two blacksmith shops,
one printing office, one tanyard, one male and female academy, one church and a
steam grist and saw-mill.” As the country became settled other towns were
established, which took the trade away from Carthage, so that its business has
declined to that of a small village. It now contains, aside from the county
buildings, the general store of Joseph Myer & Son, the drug, hardware and
furniture store of Capt. T. P. Bridges, two groceries kept by E. B. Price and
T. B. Read & Son, the wagon and blacksmith shop of W. I. Chandler, a few
other mechanics’ shops, two printing presses, three hotels—the Carthage Hotel,
the McDonald Hotel and Fisher’s Hotel—two schools (one white and one colored),
four physicians, five churches (four white and one colored), two livery stables
and a lodge each of Free Masons and Good Templars. The names of the physicians
are J. S. Cornwell, Frank Swope, H. M. Blair and H. C. McDonald. The population
of the town is about 400. The Carthage Mirror and The Record are weekly
newspapers, both having a good circulation and both being well sustained. The
former was established in May, 1883, by J. B. Luster, who continues its
publication, and the latter was established in the fall of 1883, by W. D. Gold,
who continues its publication. Dixon Springs contains three general stores, one
drug store, one grocery, one saddler’s shop, one livery stable, one grist and
saw-mill, two hotels, one union church, an academy and a colored school.
Gordonsville was established in 1804, and named after John Gordon, its first
merchant. It now contains two stores, a livery stable, one school, two
churches, a tobacco factory, some mechanics’ shops, and about 175 inhabitants.
Chestnut Mound, in District No. 8, contains three stores, a cabinet shop,
livery stable and a school. Elmwood, located east of Cane Fork, contains two
stores, one church and the Elmwood Institute. Rome, situated on the Cumberland,
at the mouth of Round Lick Creek, contains several business houses. Monoville,
Riddleton, Stonewall, Grant, Lancaster and Middleton are post villages each
containing from one to four stores, etc.
According
to the custom in all newly settled countries, the children of the first
settlers of Smith County were deprived of many educational advantages. As soon,
however, as a neighborhood became sufficiently settled, a private school or
academy was established therein. There being no free schools, the children of
the poor who were not able to pay “rate bills,” continued to remain without
school privileges. Among the first schools of note in the county was the Geneva
Academy established at Carthage in the first decade of the century. This was a
county school entitled to the public school fund, meager though it was, of the
county. The Carthage Female Academy was established in 1842, and subsequently
made a branch of Geneva Academy in order to enable it to draw a portion of the
aforesaid public fund. The building of the original Geneva Academy was sold a
few years ago, and the Female Academy, which is still sustained, was then
opened to both sexes. The most noted school the county has ever had was Clinton
College, founded by Dr. Francis H. Gordon, James B. Moores and Willie B.
Gordon, and established in October, 1833, on the Lebanon and Trousdale Ferry
Turnpike. Dr. F. H. Gordon and Prof. James B. Moores (the latter of whom became
an eminent lawyer) were for many years the principal teachers in the college,
the doors of which were permanently closed some time during the decade of the
fifties. There are several high schools distributed throughout the county,
prominent among which are the Elmwood Institute and Dixon Springs Academy. To
show how the county is progressing under the free school system, the following
statistics are taken from the last published report of the State superintendent
of public instruction: Scholastic population—White: male, 2,775; female,2,440;
total, 5,215. Colored: male, 629; female, 626; total 1,255; Number of pupils
enrolled during the year—White: male, 1,461; female, 1,338; total, 2,799.
Colored: male, 398, female, 358; total, 756. Number of teachers employed—White:
male, 44; female, 12. Colored: male, 14; female, 4; total, 73. Number of
schools, white, 56; colored, 17; total, 73. Amount of money expended during the
year, $11,916.79. By comparing the above figures it will be seen that only a
little over one-half of the white children attended the free schools while a
larger percentage of the colored children were in attendance.
It is
thought that the Baptist organized the first religious society in the county,
at the house of Grant Allen near Dixon Springs in the year 1799. It is now
known as the Dixon Creek Baptist Church. Rev. John McGee, a noted pioneer
minister of the Methodist Church, settled near Dixon Springs in 1798, and a
meeting-house was built on his land, called the McGee’s Meeting-house. And this
was no doubt the first Methodist Church in the county.* [Reminiscences of Dr.
J. W. Bowen.] Rev. McGee was noted of the active part he took in the great
religious revival at the beginning of this century. Other noted pioneer
ministers of the county were Revs. John Page, John Maffit, David K. Timberlake,
John Mann, David Halliburton, Sr., Jesse Moreland, Stephen B. Lysle, Wm.
Cherry, Wm. H. Johnson, Ira W. King and Robt. Trawick. The first church in
Carthage was built by the Methodists at the upper end of Main Street soon after
the town was established. The next was the present Methodist Church built
jointly by the Methodists and Cumberland Presbyterians about the year 1830. The
Cumberland Presbyterians built their church a few years later. The Baptist and
Christian Churches in Carthage are both of recent construction. The first
camp-meeting ground, known as the Hodge’s camp-ground was established one and a
fourth miles west of Carthage. The site of it is now in possession of Horace
Oliver. A meeting-house was erected at that point soon after it was settled.
The noted evangelist, Lorenzo Dow, preached in Carthage to the soldiers raised
for Jackson’s army, just before their departure for New Orleans. This was about
the year 1813. The Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians were the pioneer
Christian denominations of the county, and they have always been, and still
continue to be the leading religious sects. The establishment of the Christian
Church in the county has been of a more recent date. The people of Smith County
are primitive in their habits and customs—generous and hospitable, and sustain
a high standard of morality.
Transcriber
Note: Transcribed November 2000 for the TNGenWeb Project for Smith County.
Questions
or Comments: Jim Sykes.
Last Updated: May 2008